What is endometriosis?

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bowel, and pelvic lining. This tissue responds to hormonal changes, leading to inflammation, scarring, and the formation of adhesions.

Associated Morbidity

Endometriosis can cause significant physical, emotional, and social impacts, including:

Pain: Severe pelvic pain, painful periods (dysmenorrhea), pain during intercourse (dyspareunia), pain with bowel movements (dyschezia), and chronic daily pain.

Infertility: Up to 30–50% of women with endometriosis experience difficulty conceiving.

Gastrointestinal and Urinary Symptoms: Bloating, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and pain with urination.

Fatigue: Chronic inflammation and pain contribute to persistent exhaustion.

Mental Health Impact: Increased rates of anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life.

Work and Social Impairment: Many individuals struggle with absenteeism, reduced productivity, and social isolation.

Despite its significant impact, endometriosis is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, with delays in diagnosis averaging 7–10 years. Early recognition and management are key to reducing long-term complications and improving quality of life