Copper and contraception

A copper IUD (intrauterine device) is a small, T-shaped, hormone-free contraceptive device made of flexible plastic with a thin copper wire coiled around the arms. It is inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional. The copper works as a spermicide, releasing ions that interfere with sperm motility and viability, preventing fertilization. It also alters the uterine lining, making it less suitable for implantation.

Effectiveness:

The copper IUD is highly effective at preventing pregnancy, with a success rate of over 99%. Once inserted, it provides long-term protection, lasting up to 10-12 years depending on the brand. It's also immediately effective upon insertion and can even be used as emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days after unprotected sex, with an efficacy rate of around 99%.

Some benefits include its long duration and the fact that it doesn't contain hormones, making it a good option for those who prefer or need to avoid hormonal contraception. However, it may increase menstrual bleeding and cramping, particularly in the first few months after insertion.